Nanotechnology is a vast field used in medicine as well. "Nano" is a prefix that stands for 10-9, i.e., one billionth of a meter. The design and synthesis of efficient drug delivery systems are crucial for the medical, pharmaceutical, and healthcare industries. Nanotechnology involves physics, biology, and chemistry. Many nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems, such as biopolymers, are used as anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, veterinary medicine, vaccines, and antitumor drugs. Since most biological systems are nanoscale, nanoscale materials integrate well into biomedical equipment. Carbon nanotubes, liposomes, inorganic and metal nanoparticles, and metallic surfaces are the materials most frequently employed to create these nanotechnology goods. In this review, we will focus on the importance of nanotechnology as well as the biomedical devices used in the characterization and diagnosis of many diseases. In the future, we can use nanotechnology-based biomedical devices in the field of regenerative medicine in addition to drug delivery, as well as in biosensing and bioimaging for disease diagnosis.