Journal of Women Medical and Dental College https://jwmdc.com/index.php/jwmdc Women Medical and Dental College en-US Journal of Women Medical and Dental College 2957-5265 A Case of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Disease Associated With Post-Dengue Transverse Presenting With Paraplegia and Urinary Retention https://jwmdc.com/index.php/jwmdc/article/view/70 <p>Transverse myelitis is the inflammation of the spinal cord, which causes the is demyelination in a horizontal plane. Dengue virus is known to be associated with transverse myelitis para or post infectiously. Autoantibodies such as Aquaporin-4 autoantibodies and Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein autoantibodies have been associated with transverse myelitis. However, the exact causal relationship is yet to be determined. We report a case of post-dengue fever transverse myelitis associated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease. A 26-year-old previously healthy young man presented with acute urinary retention and paraplegia. He had a recent history of contracting dengue virus infection. He had a positive serology for antibodies against the dengue virus and imaging showed the inflammation of the spinal cord consistent with transverse myelitis. Further workup demonstrated the presence of Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein autoantibodies. A diagnosis of Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease associated with post-dengue transverse myelitis was made. He was treated with high-dose methylprednisolone for 7 days followed by an oral tapping dose over 6 months. Follow-up examination and imaging showed subsequent improvement with complete recovery. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease is a very less understood and rare complication of dengue virus infection. Further studies are required to determine the exact mechanism. Moreover, prompt diagnosis. treatment can result in early recovery and complete remission of the disease.</p> Rao Erbaz Hassan Syed Aamer Hussain Shafiq Tanveer Qazi Fawad Ahmad Arif Ullah Khan Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Women Medical and Dental College 2023-10-12 2023-10-12 2 2 10.56600/jwmdc.v2i2.70 The Severity of Tooth Surface Loss in Adult Patients Presenting to a Private Dental Hospital https://jwmdc.com/index.php/jwmdc/article/view/82 <p>This study aimed to assess the severity of tooth surface loss (TSL) in adult patients at a private dental hospital for 6 months. This research explored the severity of TSL using the Smith and Knight Tooth wear index (TWI). Study participants underwent intraoral examination in dental chairs with adequate lighting using a mouth mirror. Prior to examination, sterile cotton swab was used to clean and dry the teeth and to eliminate any plaque residue. Each tooth surface (buccal, lingual, cervical and occlusal/incisal) were evaluated using the TWI and documented on the research proforma. Only the most affected teeth and teeth surfaces were noted in a patient. A total of 320 patients were observed between ages (18-40 years), out of which 140 had tooth wear according to TWI. The male patient had a ratio of 40.91% while female were 50.08%. The mandibular anterior teeth had score 2 in 97.1% of the patients and maxillary premolars had score 1 and 2 which were 96.4% and 92.9% respectively. The occlusal surface was involved in 58% of maxillary teeth and 100% in mandibular teeth. Our study indicates that the mandibular anterior occlusal surfaces are particularly susceptible to the impacts of tooth wear. This may lead to aesthetic concerns, exposure of pulp with advanced wear and occlusal imbalance, which will require extensive treatment. Hence, it is imperative to raise awareness among individuals regarding the early indicators and symptoms of tooth wear.</p> Farwa Rehman Tayyaba Saleem Saira Bibi Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Women Medical and Dental College 2024-05-07 2024-05-07 2 2 10.56600/jwmdc.v2i2.82 The Evolving Landscape of Biosafety and Biosecurity: A Review of International Guidelines and Best Practices https://jwmdc.com/index.php/jwmdc/article/view/73 <p>Biosafety and biosecurity encompass the intersection of bioengineering and biotechnology, along with the evaluation and control of risks to human, animal health, and the environment. This link encompasses the danger created by research and its use, as well as research and application to reduce risk via bioengineering and biotechnology. High-level biosafety laboratories provide a secure and reliable setting, integrating robust containment measures, well-educated staff, and precise biosafety protocols to safeguard scientists from infections while working with microbial pathogens. Simultaneously, they prevent the accidental release of these pathogens into the surrounding environment. In recent decades, there has been the construction and operation of labs with different tiers of protection, the establishment of legal regulations and a laboratory biosafety management system, and these functional labs have played a crucial role in addressing newly emerging and recurring infectious diseases. This review article offers useful insights into the complicated environment of biosafety and biosecurity at both the national and international levels. It advocates for more international cooperation among states, organizations, and stakeholders to ensure the effective implementation of biosafety and biosecurity measures, fostering a safer and more secure global biotechnology landscape.</p> Mishal Safdar Muneeb Ullah Ayisha Bibi Muhammad Amir Khan Maha Rehman Zainab Fatima Maheer Hussain Uzma Azeem Awan Muhammad Naeem Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Women Medical and Dental College 2023-12-13 2023-12-13 2 2 10.56600/jwmdc.v2i2.73 Guarding Against Rabies: The Power of Vaccination in Rabies Disease Management https://jwmdc.com/index.php/jwmdc/article/view/71 <p>Rabies, a lethal viral disease caused by the rabies virus, presents a critical public health challenge globally. The disease's etiology involves transmission through the bite or scratch of infected animals, primarily dogs, with the virus targeting the central nervous system and leading to devastating neurological symptoms. Early diagnosis is crucial but challenging due to the disease's non-specific initial manifestations. Vaccination strategies serve as the cornerstone of rabies prevention, encompassing pre-exposure prophylaxis for high-risk individuals and post-exposure prophylaxis for those bitten or scratched by potentially rabid animals. In this article we provide an in-depth exploration of vaccination therapy as a pivotal strategy in the deterrence and management of rabies. The evolution of rabies vaccines, particularly inactivated virus vaccines, is explored, underscoring their role in reducing human rabies cases. The article concludes by emphasizing the significance of continuous research to enhance vaccine effectiveness and promote a comprehensive approach to rabies prevention.</p> Ayesha Bibi Ibrar Ahmed Mishal Safdar Tufail Ahmad Aroosa Imtiaz Kiran Akber Zoya Amin Khaskheli Naimat Ullah Khan Amjad Ali Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Women Medical and Dental College 2023-10-12 2023-10-12 2 2 10.56600/jwmdc.v2i2.71 Pattern of Mandibular Third Molar Impaction in Patients from Twin Cities of Pakistan https://jwmdc.com/index.php/jwmdc/article/view/74 <p>When a tooth fails to erupt within its expected time window, it is called as impaction. Impaction of tooth can be due to multiple local and generalized reasons. Generalized factors are associated with multiple systematic disorders and syndromes including cleidocranial dysostosis, Down’s syndrome, amelogenesis imperfecta, osteopetrosis and achondroplasia. Local factors involved in the failure of eruption include lack of space, supernumerary teeth, odontogenic cysts and tumors, odontoma, ankylosis, existence of alveolar cleft and idiopathic factors such as primary failure of eruption. Mechanical obstruction are most frequently associated with the failure of eruption of permanent teeth. Most common impacted tooth is mandibular third molar which makes 98% of all types of impacted teeth1 followed be maxillary third molar, maxillary canine and mandibular second premolars. Mandibular third molars removal is performed due to multiple reasons including pain, swelling and other complications during and after eruption. Its extraction requires proper planning according to the angulation and position to avoid post-operative complication. The goal of the present study is to estimate patterns of mandibular impaction in patients from twin cities of Pakistan. So that surgeons can plan the surgery according to the patterns of impactions. A prospective survey was executed on patients visiting oral surgery section of Islamic International Dental Hospital, Islamabad from April 2018 to Feb 2019. Sample size was of 50 patients. Chosen Classifications were Pell and Gregory and Winters classification. Data examination was done through SPSS 23. The most frequent type of impaction is mesioangular in patients of twin cities. Third molar impaction is a public health concern. The most predominant category of impaction was level B and class 2, mesioangular impaction with a slight male prediction in twin cities of Pakistan. This study can help surgeons plan according to data and avoid complications.</p> Kinza Ayub Mohsin Fazal Maryam Sattar Lateefa Khan Aqsa Malik Aiyza Afzaal Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Women Medical and Dental College 2024-01-26 2024-01-26 2 2 10.56600/jwmdc.v2i2.74 Fish Bone of Distal Ileum: A Rare Misdiagnosis https://jwmdc.com/index.php/jwmdc/article/view/72 <p>Fish bone ingestion is a common occurrence, and most cases are uneventful. However, in some cases, fish bones can cause perforation of the gastrointestinal tract. Even with the growing utilization of computerised tomography (CT) imaging and the Alvarado criteria application, the potential for misdiagnosing acute appendicitis persists.This case report describes a patient who presented with abdominal pain and vomiting after ingesting a fish bone. The patient was found to have a perforation of the distal ileum by the ingested fish bone during surgery, which was repaired primarily. The patient made a full recovery. This case report highlights the importance of considering fish bone ingestion in patients with abdominal pain. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications.</p> Ismail Akbar Rao Erbaz Hassan Syed Aamer Hussain Zulfiqar Ali Arif Ullah Khan Shafiq Tanveer Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Women Medical and Dental College 2023-10-12 2023-10-12 2 2 10.56600/jwmdc.v2i2.72