Journal of Women Medical and Dental College

Pattern of Mandibular Third Molar Impaction in Patients from Twin Cities of Pakistan

Kinza Ayub, Mohsin Fazal, Maryam Sattar, Lateefa Khan, Aqsa Malik, Aiyza Afzaal — Fri, 26 Jan 2024 00:00:00 +0000

When a tooth fails to erupt within its expected time window, it is called as impaction. Impaction of tooth can be due to multiple local and generalized reasons. Generalized factors are associated with multiple systematic disorders and syndromes including cleidocranial dysostosis, Down’s syndrome, amelogenesis imperfecta, osteopetrosis and achondroplasia. Local factors involved in the failure of eruption include lack of space, supernumerary teeth, odontogenic cysts and tumors, odontoma, ankylosis, existence of alveolar cleft and idiopathic factors such as primary failure of eruption. Mechanical obstruction are most frequently associated with the failure of eruption of permanent teeth. Most common impacted tooth is mandibular third molar which makes 98% of all types of impacted teeth1 followed be maxillary third molar, maxillary canine and mandibular second premolars. Mandibular third molars removal is performed due to multiple reasons including pain, swelling and other complications during and after eruption. Its extraction requires proper planning according to the angulation and position to avoid post-operative complication. The goal of the present study is to estimate patterns of mandibular impaction in patients from twin cities of Pakistan. So that surgeons can plan the surgery according to the patterns of impactions. A prospective survey was executed on patients visiting oral surgery section of Islamic International Dental Hospital, Islamabad from April 2018 to Feb 2019. Sample size was of 50 patients. Chosen Classifications were Pell and Gregory and Winters classification. Data examination was done through SPSS 23. The most frequent type of impaction is mesioangular in patients of twin cities. Third molar impaction is a public health concern. The most predominant category of impaction was level B and class 2, mesioangular impaction with a slight male prediction in twin cities of Pakistan. This study can help surgeons plan according to data and avoid complications.

Fish Bone of Distal Ileum: A Rare Misdiagnosis

Thu, 12 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Fish bone ingestion is a common occurrence, and most cases are uneventful. However, in some cases, fish bones can cause perforation of the gastrointestinal tract. Even with the growing utilization of computerised tomography (CT) imaging and the Alvarado criteria application, the potential for misdiagnosing acute appendicitis persists.This case report describes a patient who presented with abdominal pain and vomiting after ingesting a fish bone. The patient was found to have a perforation of the distal ileum by the ingested fish bone during surgery, which was repaired primarily. The patient made a full recovery. This case report highlights the importance of considering fish bone ingestion in patients with abdominal pain. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications.

A Case of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Disease Associated With Post-Dengue Transverse Presenting With Paraplegia and Urinary Retention

Thu, 12 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Transverse myelitis is the inflammation of the spinal cord, which causes the is demyelination in a horizontal plane. Dengue virus is known to be associated with transverse myelitis para or post infectiously. Autoantibodies such as Aquaporin-4 autoantibodies and Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein autoantibodies have been associated with transverse myelitis. However, the exact causal relationship is yet to be determined. We report a case of post-dengue fever transverse myelitis associated with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease. A 26-year-old previously healthy young man presented with acute urinary retention and paraplegia. He had a recent history of contracting dengue virus infection. He had a positive serology for antibodies against the dengue virus and imaging showed the inflammation of the spinal cord consistent with transverse myelitis. Further workup demonstrated the presence of Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein autoantibodies. A diagnosis of Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease associated with post-dengue transverse myelitis was made. He was treated with high-dose methylprednisolone for 7 days followed by an oral tapping dose over 6 months. Follow-up examination and imaging showed subsequent improvement with complete recovery. Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease is a very less understood and rare complication of dengue virus infection. Further studies are required to determine the exact mechanism. Moreover, prompt diagnosis. treatment can result in early recovery and complete remission of the disease.

The Evolving Landscape of Biosafety and Biosecurity: A Review of International Guidelines and Best Practices

Wed, 13 Dec 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Biosafety and biosecurity encompass the intersection of bioengineering and biotechnology, along with the evaluation and control of risks to human, animal health, and the environment. This link encompasses the danger created by research and its use, as well as research and application to reduce risk via bioengineering and biotechnology. High-level biosafety laboratories provide a secure and reliable setting, integrating robust containment measures, well-educated staff, and precise biosafety protocols to safeguard scientists from infections while working with microbial pathogens. Simultaneously, they prevent the accidental release of these pathogens into the surrounding environment. In recent decades, there has been the construction and operation of labs with different tiers of protection, the establishment of legal regulations and a laboratory biosafety management system, and these functional labs have played a crucial role in addressing newly emerging and recurring infectious diseases. This review article offers useful insights into the complicated environment of biosafety and biosecurity at both the national and international levels. It advocates for more international cooperation among states, organizations, and stakeholders to ensure the effective implementation of biosafety and biosecurity measures, fostering a safer and more secure global biotechnology landscape.

Guarding Against Rabies: The Power of Vaccination in Rabies Disease Management

Thu, 12 Oct 2023 00:00:00 +0000

Rabies, a lethal viral disease caused by the rabies virus, presents a critical public health challenge globally. The disease's etiology involves transmission through the bite or scratch of infected animals, primarily dogs, with the virus targeting the central nervous system and leading to devastating neurological symptoms. Early diagnosis is crucial but challenging due to the disease's non-specific initial manifestations. Vaccination strategies serve as the cornerstone of rabies prevention, encompassing pre-exposure prophylaxis for high-risk individuals and post-exposure prophylaxis for those bitten or scratched by potentially rabid animals. In this article we provide an in-depth exploration of vaccination therapy as a pivotal strategy in the deterrence and management of rabies. The evolution of rabies vaccines, particularly inactivated virus vaccines, is explored, underscoring their role in reducing human rabies cases. The article concludes by emphasizing the significance of continuous research to enhance vaccine effectiveness and promote a comprehensive approach to rabies prevention.