Journal of Women Medical and Dental College

Frequency of Acute Exacerbation of COPD Among Non-smokers in Tertiary Care Hospital of Bannu KPK-Pakistan

Thu, 08 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

ABSTRACT

Background: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is common disease with frequent exacerbations especially in winter season. Frequency of COPD exacerbation is more among smokers as compared to general public. Current study was done to evaluate the frequency of acute exacerbation of COPD among non-smokers.

Methods: this cross-sectional descriptive study was performed at Department of medicine, DHQ hospital Bannu over a period of one year from 22-2-2021 to 22-2-2022. About 193 COPD patients aged 35 to 80 years were included in this study. Patients with other lung diseases like TB, pneumoconiosis, silicosis, pleural effusion, interstitial lung diseases, bronchiectasis and history of pneumonectomy were excluded from the study. Complete history including history of smoking, socio economic status and co morbidities was taken. Complete general physical and systemic examination including chest and cardiovascular examination was performed. Spirometry was done and findings were recorded.

Results: Among 193 patients, 55.4% and 44.6% were male and female respectively. Mean age was 58.89 years ± 10.82 SD. Among these 193 patients, 88.1% were uneducated, 6.2%, 29.6%, 32.6% and 31.6% were presented with mild, moderate, severe and very severe COPD respectively. Among them, 22.3% patients were hypertensive, 14% were diabetic and 1.6% were having thyroid disease. Frequency of non-smoker (50.3%) was stratified on the basis of gender (p=0.01), age (p= 0.16), duration of COPD (p=0.001), educational status (p=0.03), spirometry findings (p=0.73), hypertension (p=0.41), diabetes mellitus (p=0.85) and thyroid diseases (p=0.55).

Conclusion: Approximately half of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were non-smokers. Of these, females were more likely to be non-smokers than males.

Knowledge and Attitude of Parents towards Oral Health Care Needs of their Children in Abbottabad, KPK, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Faryal Khattak, Hina Arif Paracha, Usman Nazir — Wed, 21 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Aim:

The aim of this study was to determine knowledge and attitude of parents about oral health care needs of their children in Abbottabad, District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Materials & Methods:

A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out among parents of young children that included teachers, doctors and general population in Abbottabad, district of KPK province, Pakistan. Non-probability, convenience sampling technique was used. The data was obtained via self-administered and structured questionnaire for knowledge and attitude of parents related to oral health care needs of their children; which was distributed among the parents through online resources. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 24. Descriptive statistics and Chi Square test were performed. P value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results:

This study showed that the selected sample had relatively good knowledge regarding the importance of primary teeth. 74.2% of parents were of opinion that children’s teeth should be brushed properly to prevent dental caries. Among parents, mothers had adequate knowledge about dietary (91.4%) and feeding (73.6%) practices. Also, parents (79.4%) had an idea about effects of deleterious oral habits on permanent teeth and two-third (62.9%) of the total number knew that early removal/ decay of primary teeth will have an effect on permanent teeth.

Conclusion:

Parental awareness and attitude towards their children’s oral health was found to be relatively good. However, parents of young children need to be more educated in terms of first and regular dental visits in order to be able to maintain a sound primary and permanent dentition.

Average HbA1c in Diabetic Patients in Southern KPK-Pakistan

Thu, 08 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic syndrome characterized by either insulinopenia or insulin resistance. This study is focused on the ever-growing prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its poor glycemic control in southern KPK This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the outdoor unit, Department of medicine DHQ hospital Bannu, over six months, extending from 30^th December 2021 to 30^th June 2022. The sample size was 91 and was calculated using the standard WHO formula. The confidence interval used was 95%, with a 5% margin of error. P value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Consecutive non-probability sampling technique was applied. Diabetic patients under treatment below 70 years were included in the study. HbA1c was used as an assessment tool for glycemic control and divided into three categories: good glycemic control with HbA1c<7%, poor glycemic control with HbA1c>9%, and very poor glycemic control with HbA1c>10%. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 19.0.About 18.6% diabetic patients had HbA1c>6%, 25.6% patients had HbA1c between6-8%, 26.7 % patients had HbA1c between 8-10% and 29.6 % had HbA1c>10%.This study revealed that the majority (55%) of diabetic patients belonging to southern KPK had poor glycemic control, as revealed by HbA1c, more than 8%.

Psychosocial Problems Associated with Vitiligo: A Correlational Study on Vitiligo Patients

Hira Ejaz, Mubashar Hassan Zia, Beenish Hafiz, Iqbal Ahmad Khan, Sadaf Javeria — Mon, 19 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Psychosocial problems influence the mental health as well as daily living of individuals. Vitiligo is one of those diseases which are strongly associated with psychosocial problems among its victim. Individuals with this disease are found to experience marriage delay, workplace discomfort, anxiety, depression, and remained to fail to cope with their skin condition. To determine psychosocial problems associated with Vitiligo and to evaluate the role of psychotherapy in case management of Vitiligo patients, this study employed a quantitative correlational study design. Data was collected from skin clinics in Islamabad from 15^th December 2017 to 15^th April 2018. A sample of 100 respondents including 60 cases and 40 controls was selected through convenient sampling technique. Questionnaires on Self-esteem, Depression and Dermatology life quality index (DLQI) were used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential analysis was performed for data analysis. Pearson correlation between vitiligo and psychosocial problems was significant at the p-value 0.01 level (2-tailed). Study results showed that Vitiligo significantly correlates with depression, self-esteem, and impaired quality of life among cases. Regression analysis among Vitiligo and psychosocial problems was significant with a p-value < .001. Moderation regression analysis between Vitiligo effects and psychotherapy was not found significant. Vitiligo has been found to be associated with depression, low self-esteem, and impaired quality of life. However, the proposed effect of psychotherapy has not been confirmed. Therefore, the study suggests further research to evaluate psychotherapy’s role in managing the psychosocial problems of Vitiligo cases.

Keywords Psychosocial, problems, associated, correlational study, Vitiligo patients.

The Antibacterial Assessment of Biofabricated Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (MgO NPs) using Conocarpus erectus Leaf Extract

Thu, 18 Aug 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Nanobiotechnology is a proficient technology that concers with nano scale materials in several scientific fields such as nanotechnology, chemistry, medicines and biotechnology. A swift and sustainable synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles by exhausting natural sources is the present-day trend being used instead of lethal biochemical methods. This study prsent the first report for the use of medicinal plant of Conocarpus erectus as an ecofriendly regent in the synthesis of CuO NPs using copper sulphate as a starting material. Conocarpus erectus leaf extract was used as a bioreductor as wll as a capping agent in the manufacturing of MgO NPs. The structure and morphology of prepared MgO NPs were characterized byXRD, UV, FTIR, HRTEM, SEM and EDX analysis. The UV-Vis measurment confimrd the formation of MgO NPs by giving SPR peak at 261 nm. The attendance of various functional groups in Conocarpus erectus leaf extract liable for the development and stabilization of MgO NPs were confirmed by FTIR analysis. XRD measurement confirmed the crystaline f.c.c structure of MgO NPs. HRTEM and SEM studies exhibited the small size, spherical shape and uniformly dispersed magnesium oxide nanoparticles. EDX profile further authorized the elemental composition of the synthesized nanoparticles. The biosynthesized MgO NPs were assessed for the embarrassment of bacteria. Furthermore, plant capped MgO NPs have high inhibition efficiency against S. aureus and E. coli with inhibition zones of 17 mm and 16 mm respectively.